Energy Efficiency: Cooling
The global exchange for energy efficiency policies, data and impacts
The Global Exchange on Cooling is the IEA's home for cooling efficiency data and analysis. This site also serves as a progress tracker for the Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol.
The world faces a 'cold crunch'
Cooling energy use in buildings has doubled since 2000, from 3.6 EJ to 7 EJ, making it the fastest growing end-use in buildings, led by a combination of warmer temperatures and increased activity due to population and economic growth.
Without efficiency gains, space cooling energy use could more than double between now and 2040 due to increased activity and use of air conditioning. In the Efficient World Scenario, energy efficiency for cooling offsets much of the climate, activity and structure impacts to limit cooling energy growth between now and 2040 to 19%.
Explore the data
- Energy demand
- Efficiency indicators
- Policy
- Technology
- Impacts
- CEM AC Challenge
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Natural gas Electricity Share of energy use in buildings 1990 15.59 592.10 2.4000 1991 16.62 621.28 2.4500 1992 17.85 573.10 2.2800 1993 19.78 613.59 2.3600 1994 23.39 662.98 2.5600 1995 25.38 700.83 2.6700 1996 25.45 706.72 2.6300 1997 27.01 745.60 2.7700 1998 29.77 874.55 3.2700 1999 31.29 903.53 3.3000 2000 31.93 944.25 3.4000 2001 32.11 991.99 3.5300 2002 35.46 1112.69 3.9100 2003 33.40 1136.97 3.8800 2004 35.28 1206.24 4.0500 2005 35.46 1308.50 4.3300 2006 33.03 1303.95 4.2800 2007 34.14 1398.28 4.5200 2008 33.60 1410.01 4.4900 2009 31.69 1401.93 4.4700 2010 33.27 1568.44 4.8600 2011 31.53 1579.91 4.9200 2012 31.08 1646.56 5.0800 2013 30.98 1672.68 5.0100 2014 29.15 1708.48 5.0800 2015 26.70 1830.76 5.3700 2016 25.24 1996.66 5.8600
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Download the data (Excel format)
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Download the data (Excel format)
Baseline scenario Efficient Cooling Scenario 2016 1996.660574 1996.660574 2020 2199.417037 2053.246885 2025 2691.226086 2199.844226 2030 3287.242464 2345.089438 2035 4004.673375 2574.426387 2040 4756.426482 2844.365019 2045 5536.020683 3149.436413 2050 6204.819676 3406.739123
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Download the data (Excel format)
2016 2050 Baseline Scenario 2050 Efficient Cooling Scenario United States 29.0219848 32.5562967 22.5861825 China 16.4957448 17.2104867 12.7621621 Korea 16.1978543 19.0480282 15.5571104 Middle East 16.0921498 31.4463222 13.260996 Indonesia 14.9752196 40.7116338 30.2417392 India 10.5496596 44.076378 19.3479597 Mexico 10.1647384 24.3287559 15.1370383 Brazil 7.5810538 30.7870366 20.472256 South Africa 1.8759042 5.4137387 2.5552905
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Download the data (Excel format)
With support from
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Note: Countries covered are IEA countries plus Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa.
Residential - in use Residential - sales Non-residential - in use Non-residential - sales 2000 3.05 3.20 2.86 3.13 2001 3.08 3.19 2.89 3.20 2002 3.11 3.24 2.91 3.18 2003 3.14 3.37 2.94 3.23 2004 3.17 3.43 2.98 3.26 2005 3.22 3.60 3.01 3.34 2006 3.29 3.78 3.07 3.55 2007 3.36 3.85 3.15 3.60 2008 3.44 3.95 3.22 3.70 2009 3.53 4.05 3.30 3.82 2010 3.62 4.06 3.37 3.85 2011 3.71 4.11 3.44 3.95 2012 3.78 4.12 3.50 3.96 2013 3.85 4.11 3.55 4.06 2014 3.91 4.11 3.61 4.16 2015 3.96 4.11 3.67 4.19 2016 4.01 4.14 3.73 4.24 2017 4.05 4.16 3.80 4.26 2020 4.38 5.16 4.23 5.60 2025 5.22 6.11 5.31 6.87 2030 6.15 6.91 6.38 7.78
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With support from
Show me
Download the data (Excel format)
Please click on the button below to explore available cooling policies in detail across regions and countries globally.
standards for
Download the data (Excel format)
Please click on the button below to explore available cooling policies in detail across regions and countries globally.
With support from
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United States China Japan and Korea European Union India Indonesia Mexico Brazil Middle East Rest of world 1990 227.02 78.55 106.53 43.77 2.47 1.86 4.60 7.24 12.10 91.55 1991 224.22 80.99 114.06 44.33 2.76 1.97 5.19 7.73 13.38 94.24 1992 230.77 86.98 118.35 45.92 3.14 2.08 5.47 7.83 14.49 96.36 1993 237.33 90.20 122.80 46.84 3.59 2.27 5.26 8.46 15.11 99.90 1994 244.60 97.76 126.95 47.93 4.09 2.44 5.32 9.40 15.24 102.03 1995 251.28 102.23 131.95 49.28 4.72 2.68 5.11 10.53 15.64 104.28 1996 258.77 111.16 135.70 51.08 5.41 2.95 5.11 11.04 16.14 107.13 1997 266.75 117.25 140.08 53.57 6.20 3.13 5.44 11.79 16.91 111.13 1998 276.48 124.17 142.34 56.36 7.07 2.98 6.22 12.13 19.01 113.53 1999 283.10 130.97 146.22 59.15 8.13 3.05 6.70 12.28 18.02 115.57 2000 291.31 138.14 150.02 64.76 8.48 2.82 8.12 12.86 18.00 121.28 2001 299.09 149.38 151.09 68.30 8.85 2.93 8.24 12.84 19.00 124.77 2002 307.35 159.64 155.75 71.21 9.26 3.21 8.31 13.06 19.19 128.46 2003 314.21 172.90 159.41 74.20 9.66 3.60 8.44 13.31 20.72 135.08 2004 322.48 183.38 164.15 77.02 10.14 3.79 8.79 14.07 23.48 144.15 2005 328.44 200.24 169.43 79.21 10.73 4.03 9.40 14.86 24.01 152.37 2006 336.38 223.32 174.55 81.34 11.39 4.30 9.99 16.04 26.38 161.48 2007 340.37 252.47 179.06 83.43 12.17 4.82 10.52 18.16 29.97 174.33 2008 345.62 274.79 182.63 86.19 13.08 5.20 11.11 19.97 33.54 183.06 2009 345.92 308.58 183.94 88.11 14.25 5.60 11.12 21.94 40.03 189.35 2010 349.03 342.92 189.87 88.22 15.48 6.06 11.31 25.11 42.09 198.96 2011 353.28 378.51 194.68 88.46 16.67 6.67 11.78 27.25 41.05 207.71 2012 357.83 419.33 198.26 88.11 18.05 7.67 12.56 29.34 42.41 218.41 2013 355.65 457.03 202.11 88.88 19.50 8.74 13.63 31.12 43.60 228.40 2014 359.64 492.13 203.19 90.48 21.52 9.80 14.30 31.34 44.62 235.30 2015 367.76 531.23 204.91 93.30 23.74 10.91 15.12 29.79 45.54 241.15 2016 373.59 569.38 206.96 96.52 26.56 12.14 15.84 27.40 47.03 246.30 2017 379.70 607.92 208.47 100.20 30.12 13.67 16.70 26.09 49.07 254.42 2018 386.49 643.42 211.68 104.92 35.64 15.81 18.07 27.34 51.54 266.40 2019 393.27 688.08 214.98 110.25 41.60 18.24 19.50 28.12 54.29 279.29 2020 399.47 730.19 218.07 115.31 47.73 20.63 20.93 29.00 57.01 291.73 2021 405.40 773.69 220.92 120.47 56.56 23.80 22.64 30.39 60.20 305.87 2022 411.29 818.05 223.89 125.65 66.69 27.31 24.62 32.04 63.74 320.91 2023 416.89 862.12 226.82 130.90 78.74 31.21 26.86 34.02 67.63 337.00 2024 422.30 905.25 229.68 136.15 93.07 35.56 29.34 36.34 71.82 354.23 2025 427.56 947.06 232.45 141.42 109.85 40.39 32.03 39.02 76.29 372.66 2026 432.70 987.32 235.10 146.67 129.38 45.66 34.92 41.98 81.01 392.10 2027 437.72 1025.69 237.58 151.89 151.95 51.42 37.97 45.21 85.99 412.76 2028 442.69 1062.05 239.90 157.10 177.81 57.70 41.19 48.71 91.20 434.67 2029 447.66 1096.30 242.07 162.30 207.21 64.46 44.55 52.48 96.65 457.87 2030 452.70 1128.36 244.09 167.48 240.32 71.69 48.05 56.52 102.32 482.37 2031 457.79 1158.16 245.99 172.68 277.09 79.33 51.68 60.83 108.08 508.14 2032 462.89 1185.80 247.76 177.86 317.57 87.39 55.42 65.40 113.99 535.28 2033 467.95 1211.31 249.39 183.06 361.58 95.80 59.25 70.22 120.01 563.74 2034 472.91 1234.73 250.89 188.29 408.80 104.52 63.17 75.27 126.08 593.48 2035 477.76 1256.13 252.26 193.55 458.76 113.46 67.16 80.53 132.18 624.45 2036 482.52 1275.62 253.55 198.87 510.72 122.53 71.22 85.98 138.22 656.53 2037 487.20 1293.34 254.73 204.22 564.16 131.69 75.32 91.59 144.21 689.78 2038 491.77 1309.49 255.83 209.60 618.38 140.89 79.44 97.31 150.12 724.12 2039 496.23 1324.29 256.87 215.00 672.66 150.06 83.57 103.30 155.94 759.49 2040 500.61 1337.86 257.88 220.43 726.31 159.14 87.70 109.33 161.62 795.79 2041 504.91 1350.38 258.88 225.93 778.58 168.04 91.83 115.40 167.12 832.90 2042 509.16 1361.88 259.84 231.45 829.14 176.75 95.93 121.44 172.49 870.84 2043 513.38 1372.37 260.76 236.98 877.59 185.24 99.99 127.42 177.73 909.51 2044 517.58 1381.83 261.63 242.53 923.64 193.47 103.98 133.29 182.83 948.81 2045 521.73 1390.30 262.47 248.07 967.10 201.41 107.90 139.04 187.78 988.66 2046 525.86 1397.87 263.28 253.63 1007.65 209.00 111.77 144.67 192.54 1028.95 2047 529.97 1404.52 264.06 259.15 1045.54 216.28 115.55 150.12 197.15 1069.62 2048 534.06 1410.28 264.80 264.60 1080.78 223.23 119.23 155.36 201.63 1110.64 2049 538.13 1415.19 265.51 269.98 1113.47 229.86 122.80 160.38 205.97 1151.98 2050 542.18 1419.27 266.19 275.29 1143.70 236.19 126.25 165.20 210.18 1193.61
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Download the data (Excel format)
Share of households with AC Japan 91 United States 90 Korea 86 Saudi Arabia 63 China 60 Mexico 16 Brazil 16 Indonesia 9 South Africa 6 India 5
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Average
Australia 3.3
Brazil 3.0
Canada 3.1
China 3.3
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India 3.0
Indonesia 3.1
Japan 3.0
Korea 3.0
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Average
Europe 5.3
Japan 5.2
Korea 4.6
China 4.4
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Canada 3.9
Thailand 3.3
India 3.2
Saudi Arabia 3.0
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Download the data (Excel format)
Average
Chillers 6.2
VRF multi-split 4.2
Large packaged AC 3.9
Large split AC 3.6
Close control AC 3.3
PTAC 3.3
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Average 0.75 3.59 1 3.39 1.25 3.59 1.5 3.66 2 3.65 2.5 3.56 3 3.66 3.5 3.61 4 3.57 4.5 3.59 5 3.48
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With support from
Show me
Oil Natural gas Coal Share of cooling in total emissions from buildings 1990 58.7392834 46.16462888 241.1773362 6.298917938 1991 59.45506473 51.47698873 250.0241045 6.284958295 1992 54.89621293 46.38808164 236.8952435 5.958169001 1993 56.72666282 49.13394739 252.4312287 6.09200637 1994 60.04011631 55.49281501 272.3307517 6.507131321 1995 60.55372345 59.40594181 291.0402013 6.745286131 1996 58.57152042 61.46236309 303.6307396 6.568169717 1997 63.55152213 67.75494202 315.1636624 7.027595928 1998 72.75697721 82.22193692 368.0286259 8.193272912 1999 70.77080992 88.14409969 372.8977173 8.137066772 2000 69.27470842 89.92922378 396.56689 8.311366565 2001 69.47364807 98.38882921 423.111288 8.626779699 2002 74.786145 113.0353575 470.0941159 9.314761647 2003 73.69616078 114.3926092 494.9138696 9.280569231 2004 74.96571873 124.3410756 522.6515005 9.62133208 2005 77.60369878 136.7020705 574.2511156 10.19523233 2006 68.76755575 136.2334441 579.3139544 9.960938881 2007 71.38570056 149.1399138 623.7245992 10.3755478 2008 68.29736719 152.7360787 610.0006945 10.17074844 2009 66.27762457 153.8287393 596.515042 10.11427123 2010 68.75533064 174.9537181 663.919179 10.76849332 2011 72.5817199 172.4024618 678.9943323 10.97375427 2012 77.19290752 183.7205495 691.854807 11.14118814 2013 73.58422136 177.7726732 708.4475934 11.00019451 2014 70.46760299 180.4299558 715.0303564 11.11528486 2015 72.53887945 202.1387268 734.7353584 11.46403303 2016 74.04798729 223.7453722 747.2066405 12.38648383
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"data":[0,0,111,0,0]
},{
"name":"China",
"data":[0,0,119,0,0]
},{
"name":"United States",
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"name":"Middle East",
"data":[0,0,73,0,0]
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With support from
Building on work in the CEM’s Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) initiative, the AC Challenge is providing this resource to facilitate policymakers, industry, consumers and other stakeholders to have better information of cooling product markets globally.
Select a country below to see AC Challenge market data for that country.
Show me
Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in China, 2016
Mean 2.5-3 1210 3-3.5 579 3.5-4 820 4-4.5 732 4.5-5 809 5-5.5 814 5.5-6 1084 6-6.5 4004 6.5-7 3300
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400,
3320,
2787
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480,
640,
534,
653,
707,
954,
3921,
3300
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2068,
1601,
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2269,
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3814
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Percentage 1000-1250 0.1 1500-1750 0.1 2000-2250 0.2 2250-2500 3 2500-2750 22.7 2750-3000 1.7 3000-3250 1.7 3250-3500 11.1 3500-3750 17.7 4000-4250 0.1 4500-4750 0.5 4750-5000 2.1 5000-5250 14.6 5250-5500 2.6 5500-5750 0.1 5750-6000 0.3 6000-6250 0.8 6250-6500 0.2 6500-6750 0.3 6750-7000 0.4 7000-7250 13 7250-7500 3.7 7500-7750 0.5 8000-8250 0.3 10000-10250 0.3 11000-11250 0.1 12000-12250 1.7 12500-12750 0.4
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"text": "Cooling capacity distribution"
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Fixed Variable 0-0.1 2.49 3.28 2.5-2.6 0.10 0.05 2.6-2.7 0.05 0.00 2.7-2.8 0.00 0.15 2.8-2.9 0.10 0.05 2.9-3 0.25 0.05 3-3.1 2.64 0.40 3.1-3.2 3.83 0.40 3.2-3.3 9.10 1.14 3.3-3.4 5.47 0.60 3.4-3.5 2.59 2.14 3.5-3.6 0.80 0.65 3.6-3.7 0.10 3.23 3.7-3.8 0.05 3.48 3.8-3.9 0.20 2.19 3.9-4 0.05 3.23 4-4.1 0.05 3.58 4.1-4.2 0.00 5.22 4.2-4.3 0.00 5.57 4.3-4.4 0.10 2.44 4.4-4.5 0.00 1.64 4.5-4.6 0.05 1.24 4.6-4.7 0.00 2.93 4.7-4.8 0.00 4.33 4.8-4.9 0.00 2.34 4.9-5 0.00 0.80 5-5.1 0.00 1.64 5.1-5.2 0.00 1.24 5.2-5.3 0.00 0.90 5.3-5.4 0.00 0.55 5.4-5.5 0.00 0.45 5.5-5.6 0.00 0.30 5.6-5.7 0.00 0.15 5.7-5.8 0.00 0.15 5.8-5.9 0.00 0.25 6.3-6.4 0.00 0.15 6.4-6.5 0.00 0.05 6.5-6.6 0.00 0.05 6.6-6.7 0.00 0.05
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Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in China, 2016
Refrigerant type R290 0 R32 0.8 R410A 65.7 R22 27.3 Not specified 6.2
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Efficiency label Level1 12.319 Level2 29.855 Level3 57.824
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Compressor type Fixed speed 28 Variable 57 Not specified 15
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System type Reversible 43 Not reversible 2 Not specified 55
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Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in India, 2016
Mean 2-2.5 534 2.5-3 441 3-3.5 445 3.5-4 499 4-4.5 494 4.5-5 781 5-5.5 539 5.5-6 721
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266,
267,
274,
374,
781,
449,
721
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534,
371,
422,
481,
473,
781,
533,
721
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"colorIndex": 0,
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534,
734,
681,
740,
732,
781,
634,
721
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Percentage 1000-1250 1.3 1250-1500 0.1 1500-1750 0.7 1750-2000 0.4 2000-2250 0.3 2500-2750 1.9 2750-3000 0.6 3000-3250 4.0 3250-3500 15.4 3500-3750 15.9 3750-4000 0.7 4000-4250 2.3 4250-4500 0.4 4500-4750 2.0 4750-5000 7.3 5000-5250 19.2 5250-5500 11.5 5500-5750 1.9 5750-6000 1.6 6000-6250 2.4 6250-6500 5.6 6500-6750 1.3 6750-7000 0.6 7000-7250 2.0 8500-8750 0.1 9500-9750 0.1 12000-12250 0.1
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Fixed Variable 0-0.1 0.00 0.28 2-2.1 0.00 0.00 2.7-2.8 0.00 0.00 2.9-3 0.85 0.00 3-3.1 3.94 0.00 3.1-3.2 12.25 0.00 3.2-3.3 6.76 0.56 3.3-3.4 0.14 0.00 3.4-3.5 0.42 0.00 3.5-3.6 7.75 0.14 3.6-3.7 4.51 0.00 3.7-3.8 0.56 0.00 3.8-3.9 0.56 0.00 3.9-4 0.28 0.00 4-4.1 0.28 0.14 4.9-5 0.00 0.00 5-5.1 0.00 0.00 5.2-5.3 0.00 0.00 5.9-6 0.00 0.14
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Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in India, 2016
Refrigerant type R290 0.4 R32 2 R410A 10.10 R22 37.50 Not specified 50.00
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Efficiency label 5 star 28 4 star 1 3 star 45 2 star 15 Not specified 11
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Compressor type Fixed speed 38.3 Variable 1.3 Not specified 60.4
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System type Reversible 0.1 Not reversible 2.4 Not specified 97.5
{
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},
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"plotOptions": {
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}
Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in Saudi Arabia, 2016
Mean 3-3.5 825 3.5-4 936
{
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"inverted": false
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"title": {
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"yAxis": {
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},
"xAxis": {
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},
"tooltip": {
"valueSuffix": " USD"
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"series": [{
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"colorIndex": 7,
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547,
677
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"marker": {
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"radius": 6
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"colorIndex": 2,
"data": [
794,
797
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"type": "line",
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"marker": {
"symbol": "circle",
"radius": 5
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"colorIndex": 0,
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1140,
1733
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Percentage 3000-3250 0.8 3250-3500 5.8 3500-3750 2.5 4750-5000 0.4 5000-5250 15.4 5250-5500 19.9 5500-5750 0.4 5750-6000 2.9 6000-6250 5.0 6250-6500 9.5 6500-6750 8.3 6750-7000 1.2 7000-7250 2.5 7500-7750 1.2 7750-8000 3.3 8000-8250 11.6 8500-8750 2.5 8750-9000 2.9 9000-9250 1.2 9500-9750 0.8 9750-10000 1.7
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"yAxis": {
"title": {
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"xAxis": {
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Fixed 3.3-3.4 10.79 3.4-3.5 63.07 3.5-3.6 15.35 3.6-3.7 9.13 3.7-3.8 0.41 3.8-3.9 1.24
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"#00b050",
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},
"xAxis": {
"title": {
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},
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"xAxis": {
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Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in Saudi Arabia, 2016
Refrigerant type R290 0 R32 0 R410A 3.734439834 R22 0 Not specified 96.26556017
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Efficiency label 7 star 96.7 6 star 3.3 Not specified 11.3
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Compressor type Fixed speed 100
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System type Reversible 51 Not reversible 49 Not specified 0
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Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in the United States, 2016
Mean 3.5-4 1589 4-4.5 2172 4.5-5 313 5-5.5 1966 5.5-6 1839 6-6.5 1721 6.5-7 1371 7-7.5 1398 7.5-8 1439 8-9 1397 >9 1478
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"min": 0,
"title": {
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"4-4.5",
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"7-7.5",
"7.5-8",
"8-9",
">9"
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"title": {
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},
"alternateGridColor": "#f6f6f6"
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"tooltip": {
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"colorIndex": 99,
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"data": [
[1125,1991],
[953,3032],
[4507,3861],
[1539,3684],
[1196,3399],
[967,3796],
[905,2478],
[1074,2649],
[1195,2499],
[1084,2129],
[1263,1836]
]
},
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"name": "Minimum price",
"type": "line",
"className": "noline",
"marker": {
"symbol": "circle",
"radius": 5
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"colorIndex": 7,
"data": [
335,
300,
400,
643,
396,
311,
509,
460,
420,
530,
496
]
},
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"type": "line",
"className": "noline",
"marker": {
"symbol": "diamond",
"radius": 6
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"colorIndex": 2,
"data": [
1491,
1500,
2752,
1853,
1822,
1587,
1428,
1398,
1449,
1575,
1544
]
},
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"name": "Max price",
"type": "line",
"className": "noline",
"marker": {
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"radius": 5
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2794,
6006,
7195,
3684,
3399,
3796,
2478,
2649,
2499,
2129,
1975
]
}
]
}
Percentage 1750-2000 0.4 2250-2500 1.9 2500-2750 11.7 2750-3000 0.2 3000-3250 0.4 3250-3500 3.2 3500-3750 13.2 4000-4250 3.2 4250-4500 1.5 4500-4750 0.4 4750-5000 1.9 5000-5250 3.6 5250-5500 10.1 5500-5750 0.6 6000-6250 0.4 6250-6500 5.7 6500-6750 2.1 6750-7000 0.9 7000-7250 4.7 7250-7500 0.4 7500-7750 0.1 7750-8000 0.1 8000-8250 0.5 8250-8500 1.7 8500-8750 0.1 8750-9000 6.8 9250-9500 0.4 9500-9750 1.6 9750-10000 1.7 10000-10250 1.1 10250-10500 6.3 10500-10750 3.8 11000-11250 1.2 11250-11500 0.1 11500-11750 5.2 11750-12000 0.2 12000-12250 1.1 12250-12500 1.5
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"title": {
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Variable 3.8-3.9 6.30 4.1-4.2 5.80 4.2-4.3 3.58 4.3-4.4 10.74 4.4-4.5 1.73 4.5-4.6 3.95 4.6-4.7 14.69 4.7-4.8 0.37 4.8-4.9 2.35 4.9-5 4.32 5-5.1 0.12 5.1-5.2 1.60 5.2-5.3 4.81 5.4-5.5 0.12 5.5-5.6 2.96 5.6-5.7 0.86 5.7-5.8 0.62 5.8-5.9 5.06 5.9-6 0.99 6-6.1 3.95 6.1-6.2 5.06 6.2-6.3 3.33 6.3-6.4 0.99 6.4-6.5 2.47 6.5-6.6 0.37 6.6-6.7 0.49 6.7-6.8 4.44 6.8-6.9 0.25 7-7.1 0.37 7.1-7.2 0.12 7.2-7.3 0.49 7.3-7.4 1.11 7.4-7.5 0.49 7.6-7.7 1.73 7.9-8 0.49 8-8.1 0.12 8.5-8.6 0.37 8.9-9 1.60 9.6-9.7 0.74
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"title": {
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Single-zone residential ductless mini-split air conditioners in the United States, 2016
Refrigerant type R290 0 R32 0 R410A 18.1 R22 0 Not specified 81.9
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"title": {
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Efficiency label Energy Star 15.8 Not Energy Star 5.2 Not specified 79
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"text": "Efficiency label"
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Compressor type Variable speed 100
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System type Reversible 79 Not reversible 0 Not specified 21
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"title": {
"text": "System type"
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IEA publications on cooling
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