Global Energy & CO2 Status Report
The latest trends in energy and emissions in 2018
This online, annual report provides a snapshot of recent global trends and developments across fuels, renewable sources, and energy efficiency and carbon emissions, in 2018. Read the full report below, or download the PDF.
Data tables
Browse the full data tables below, or download the Excel file.
Global energy demand and electricity generation by source
| Energy Demand (Mtoe) | Growth Rate (%) | Shares (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | 2000 | 2018 | |
| Total Primary Energy Demand | 14 301 | 2.3% | 100% | 100% |
| Coal | 3 778 | 0.7% | 23% | 26% |
| Oil | 4 488 | 1.3% | 36% | 31% |
| Gas | 3 253 | 4.6% | 21% | 23% |
| Nuclear | 710 | 3.3% | 7% | 5% |
| Hydro | 364 | 3.1% | 2% | 3% |
| Biomass and waste | 1 418 | 2.5% | 10% | 10% |
| Other renewables | 289 | 14.0% | 1% | 2% |
| Electricity Generation (TWh) | Growth Rate (%) | Shares (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | 2000 | 2018 | |
| Total Generation | 26 672 | 4.0% | 100% | 100% |
| Coal | 10 116 | 2.6% | 39% | 38% |
| Oil | 903 | -3.9% | 8% | 3% |
| Gas | 6 091 | 4.0% | 18% | 23% |
| Nuclear | 2 724 | 3.3% | 17% | 10% |
| Hydro | 4 239 | 3.1% | 17% | 16% |
| Biomass and waste | 669 | 7.4% | 1% | 3% |
| Wind | 1 217 | 12.2% | 0% | 5% |
| Solar photovoltaics | 570 | 31.2% | 0% | 2% |
| Other renewables | 144 | 4.2% | 0% | 1% |
Energy related CO2 emissions from fuel combustion by regions
| Total CO2 emissions (Mt CO2) | Growth Rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | |
| United States | 4 888 | 3.1% |
| China | 9 481 | 2.5% |
| India | 2 299 | 4.8% |
| Europe | 3 956 | -1.3% |
| Rest of world | 11 249 | 1.1% |
| World | 33 143 | 1.7% |
Regional summary
| Total Primary Energy Demand (Mtoe) | Growth Rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | |
| United States | 2 227 | 3.7% |
| China | 3 155 | 3.5% |
| India | 933 | 4.0% |
| Europe | 2 010 | 0.2% |
| Rest of world | 5 568 | 1.8% |
| World | 14 302 | 2.3% |
| Oil Primary Energy Demand (mb/d) | Growth Rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | |
| United States | 20 | 2.7% |
| China | 13 | 3.5% |
| India | 5 | 4.5% |
| Europe | 15 | 0.1% |
| Rest of world | 46 | 0.2% |
| World | 99 | 1.3% |
| Gas Primary Energy Demand (Bcm) | Growth Rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | |
| United States | 854 | 10.5% |
| China | 279 | 17.7% |
| India | 60 | 4.7% |
| Europe | 599 | -1.9% |
| Rest of world | 2 137 | 2.8% |
| World | 3 928 | 4.6% |
| Coal Primary Energy Demand (Mtce) | Growth Rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | |
| United States | 451 | -4.5% |
| China | 2 771 | 1.0% |
| India | 600 | 5.0% |
| Europe | 462 | -2.6% |
| Rest of world | 1 113 | 1.4% |
| World | 5 397 | 0.7% |
| Renewables-based generation (TWh) | Growth Rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | |
| United States | 744 | 4.1% |
| China | 1 854 | 10.9% |
| India | 291 | 10.6% |
| Europe | 1 462 | 8.5% |
| Rest of world | 2 449 | 4.0% |
| World | 6 800 | 7.1% |
| Energy Intensity improvements (toe per $1000,PPP) | Y-on-Y change (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2017-2018 | |
| United States | 0.112 | 0.8% |
| China | 0.125 | -2.9% |
| India | 0.092 | -3.1% |
| Europe | 0.079 | -1.6% |
| Rest of world | 0.109 | -1.1% |
| World | 0.108 | -1.3% |
Notes
Sources: Data for energy demand, gross electricity generation and CO2 emissions from fuel combustion are based on IEA estimates derived from a number of sources, including the latest monthly data submissions to the IEA’s Energy Data Centre, other statistical releases from national administrations, and recent market data from the IEA Market Report Series that cover coal, oil, natural gas, renewables and power. These are based on information available up to March 2019.
Definitional note 1: Energy demand, electricity and CO2 emissions tables
- Total primary energy demand (TPED) is equivalent to power generation plus “other energy sector” excluding electricity and heat, plus total final consumption (TFC) excluding electricity and heat. Electricity generation data are provided on a gross basis (i.e. includes own use by the generator).
- CO2 emissions and energy demand from international marine and aviation bunkers are included only at the World level. CO2 emissions do not include emissions from industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
Definitional note 2: Fossil fuel demand tables
- Oil demand is expressed in million barrels per day (mb/d). In the oil primary energy demand table, oil demand refers to total liquids, including biofuels.
- Natural gas demand is expressed in billion cubic metres (bcm).
- Coal demand is expressed in million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).
- World includes both international marine and aviation fuels bunkers.
Definitional note 3: Economic growth assumptions
- 2017 and 2018 GDP PPP growth based on IMF global economic trends: “World Economic Outlook Update, January 2019: A Weakening Global Expansion"
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